Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of marine sponge-derived fungal extracts isolated from Dactylospongia sp.

This study is the first report on the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of fungal extracts isolated from marinesponge Dactylospongia sp., which is collected from Mandeh Island, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The isolation of fungalwas conducted using dilution method with Sabouraud Dextrose Agar + chloramphenicol (0.05%) as a medium. Thepure isolated fungal was cultivated on rice medium at temperature 25°C–27°C and then extracted using ethyl acetatesolvent. The ethyl acetate extract of each isolated fungal was tested for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Ninefungal strains have been isolated from this sponge. Two ethyl acetate extracts of fungal strains (Dc03 and Dc04) werecategorized as having strong inhibition against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, methicillinresistant S. aureus, and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a concentration of 5% with zone inhibitionin range of 12.31 ± 0.54–16.14 ± 0.75 mm. The cytotoxic activity screening of the ethyl acetate extracts of fungalstrains was done by using the brine shrimp lethality test. Four fungal strains had LC50 below 80 µg/ml (Dc03, Dc04,Dc05, and Dc08) and were further tested with MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)assay on T47D cell line. These selected fungi were identified molecularly as Cladosporium halotolerans MN859971,Penicillium citrinum MN859968, Aspergillus versicolor MN859970, and Aspergillus sydowii MN859969, respectively.The results suggest that these fungal strains are quite rich in the production of bioactive compounds that are veryeffective as antibacterial and cytotoxic agents

In vitro cytotoxic activity assay of bacteria extract derived marine sponge Haliclona fascigera toward Hela, WiDr, T47D, and Vero cell line

Symbiotic association between marine sponge and microorganism was a promising chance in the discovery of leadcompound of anticancer. This association was probably concluded that symbiotic microorganism would contain thesame secondary metabolites with the host. In this continuation research, we had isolated symbiotic bacteria from amarine sponge and tested for cytotoxic activity. Twenty-six isolates of bacteria derived from marine sponge Haliclonafascigera were isolated from Setan Island, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Screening of cytotoxic activity by BSLT methodand MTT assay was conducted toward 21 ethyl acetate extracts of symbiotic bacteria with weight >50 mg. Onebacterial extract with code H2N was very toxic according to BSLT test, while 18 isolates were toxic with LC50 rangingfrom 31.17 to 283.38 ppm. All of the bacterial extracts did not show a good percentage of viability (>50%) againstHela, WiDr, T47D, dan Vero cell line in MTT assay. However, bacterial extract with code H2N have shown potentialcytotoxic compared to other extracts. As per the phytochemical study, this extract probably contained terpenoid group.Based on biochemical examination this bacterium, H2N, was identified as Bacillus sp.3.

Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate extract of mangrove plant Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea C. F. Gaertn— Associated fungi

Association between mangrove plants with fungi has been explored for many biological activities. The purpose of thisstudy was to determine the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove plantsScyphiphora hydrophyllacea C. F. Gaertn. The isolation of endophytic fungus from the mangrove has been carriedout by the direct planting method on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium. Eleven fungal isolates were recovered andpurified. The isolates were cultivated on the rice medium for 1 month and extracted using ethyl acetate. Eleven ethylacetate extracts were screened for cytotoxic activity by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and for antimicrobial activity toward some human pathogenic microbes.The results showed that five (45.5%) isolates of endophytic fungi had antimicrobial activity against the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans with a diameter from 9.1 to 21 mm. Furthermore, fourextracts (36.4%) were cytotoxic (cell viability < 50%) against T47D cells. Isolate ADSH2 which exhibited the highestcytotoxic activity was identified molecularly as Penicillium chrysogenum. The results of this study indicate that theethyl acetate of endophytic fungi associated with Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea has the potential to be developed asantimicrobial and anticancer compounds.